Dihydrocodeine is a white to off-white crystalline powder or a colorless, odorless crystalline substance. It is sparingly soluble in water and freely soluble in ethanol. In its pharmaceutical form, it is often found as tablets or capsules for oral administration.

Therapeutic Uses:

• Pain Relief: Dihydrocodeine is primarily used to relieve moderate to severe pain, such as that caused by injuries, surgeries, or chronic conditions.
• Cough Suppression: It can also be used as an antitussive (cough suppressant) in certain formulations.

Mode of Action: Dihydrocodeine works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, altering the perception of pain and producing analgesia. It also has antitussive effects by suppressing the cough reflex.

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Constipation
• Itching or sweating
• Respiratory depression (at higher doses)

Special Considerations:

• It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and dependence.
• Dihydrocodeine should be used cautiously in individuals with respiratory conditions, liver or kidney impairment, and a history of substance abuse.
• Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms.

Warnings:

• Dihydrocodeine should not be combined with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants due to increased risk of respiratory depression and overdose.
• It is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless specifically prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions and read the medication guide provided by your pharmacist.